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Tax

Accrual vs Cash Accounting

Compare accrual and cash accounting methods — when revenue and expenses are recognized.

Overview

Cash accounting records transactions when money changes hands; accrual records them when earned or incurred regardless of payment. Cash is simpler and matches small-business intuition; accrual is required for larger businesses and gives a more accurate picture of profitability.

Feature
Accrual Accounting
Cash Accounting
Revenue Recognition
When earned (invoice issued)
When cash received
Expense Recognition
When incurred (bill received)
When cash paid
Required For
C-corps over $30M revenue, public companies
Small businesses (under $30M revenue)
Complexity
High — track receivables, payables
Low — bank statement plus
Reflects True Profitability
Yes
Distorted by timing
Matches Tax Cash Flow
No — may owe tax before collection
Yes — pay tax when paid
Best For
Larger businesses, GAAP reporting
Sole proprietors, small LLCs

Choose Accrual Accounting when...

Use accrual if you're required (large company, public, GAAP investors) or want a more accurate picture of operating profitability.

Choose Cash Accounting when...

Use cash accounting if you're a small business and prefer simplicity — your books and bank account align cleanly.

Our Verdict

For most small businesses (under $30M revenue), cash accounting is allowed and easier — your books match your bank account. As a business grows, accrual becomes mandatory and gives a clearer picture of actual profitability by matching revenue to the period it was earned. The IRS allows most small businesses to choose; once chosen the method is hard to switch.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between Accrual Accounting and Cash Accounting?

Cash accounting records transactions when money changes hands; accrual records them when earned or incurred regardless of payment. Cash is simpler and matches small-business intuition; accrual is required for larger businesses and gives a more accurate picture of profitability.

When should I choose Accrual Accounting over Cash Accounting?

Use accrual if you're required (large company, public, GAAP investors) or want a more accurate picture of operating profitability.

When should I choose Cash Accounting over Accrual Accounting?

Use cash accounting if you're a small business and prefer simplicity — your books and bank account align cleanly.

Not sure which is right for you?

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