Credit Bureau
CreditGlossary term
Definition
A company that collects and maintains your credit information, then sells it to lenders and other authorized parties as credit reports. The three major credit bureaus in the United States are Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. Each bureau may have slightly different information, which is why your credit scores can vary between them.
Related terms
- Credit ReportA detailed record of your credit history maintained by credit bureaus, including your accounts, payment history, balances, and any public records like bankruptcies. Lenders, landlords, and sometimes employers review your credit report to assess your financial reliability. You are entitled to one free credit report per year from each of the three major bureaus through AnnualCreditReport.com.
- Hard InquiryA credit check that occurs when a lender reviews your credit report as part of a lending decision, such as when you apply for a credit card or loan. Hard inquiries can lower your credit score by a few points and remain on your credit report for two years. Multiple hard inquiries in a short period for the same type of loan, like a mortgage, are typically grouped together and counted as one.
- Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)A federal law enacted in 1970 that regulates how consumer credit information is collected, shared, and used by credit bureaus and other entities. The FCRA gives you the right to access your credit report, dispute inaccurate information, and be notified when your credit report is used against you. It also requires credit bureaus to investigate disputes within 30 days and remove information that cannot be verified.
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