Layer 2
CryptoGlossary term
Definition
A secondary protocol or framework built on top of an existing blockchain (Layer 1) to improve its scalability and transaction speed. Layer 2 solutions process transactions off the main chain and then settle the results back on Layer 1, reducing congestion and lowering fees. Popular examples include Polygon and Arbitrum for Ethereum, and the Lightning Network for Bitcoin.
Related terms
- EthereumA decentralized blockchain platform that enables developers to build and deploy smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps). Unlike Bitcoin, which primarily serves as a digital currency, Ethereum provides a programmable platform powered by its native cryptocurrency, Ether (ETH). It transitioned from Proof of Work to Proof of Stake in 2022 to improve energy efficiency and scalability.
- Gas FeeA transaction fee paid to validators or miners on a blockchain network to process and confirm transactions. On Ethereum, gas fees fluctuate based on network demand, meaning they can be very low during quiet periods and spike during times of high activity. Understanding gas fees is important because they directly affect the cost of sending crypto, swapping tokens, or interacting with smart contracts.
- BlockchainA distributed digital ledger that records transactions across a network of computers in a way that makes the data nearly impossible to alter retroactively. Each block contains a set of transactions and is cryptographically linked to the previous block, forming a chain. This technology provides transparency, security, and decentralization without requiring a central authority.
- Bridge (Crypto)A protocol that enables the transfer of cryptocurrency assets between two different blockchain networks that are otherwise incompatible. Bridges work by locking tokens on one chain and minting equivalent tokens on the destination chain, allowing users to access opportunities across multiple ecosystems. While useful, bridges can be complex and have been targets of some of the largest hacks in crypto history.
Get advice that uses your real numbers
Warren reads your accounts and explains what terms like this mean for your plan. Free to start, no credit card required.