Cash on Cash ROI: Formula, Example & Investor Guide
A real estate investor puts $100,000 into a rental duplex and collects $9,000 of net cash flow in year one. That's a 9% cash-on-cash return, a number…
Warren Team
Financial Metrics articles
Financial insights and guidance for taking control of your financial future.
Showing 1 to 20 of 43 articles, page 1 of 3, filtered by Financial Metrics
CDs in IRA: Bank vs Brokered, Yields & Ladder Strategy
Picture a 67-year-old retiree with a $500,000 IRA. She buys a 5-year CD at 4.5% inside her brokerage IRA and locks in $22,500 of guaranteed annual income.…
Warren TeamDividend Yield Calculation Formula: Examples & Pitfalls
AT&T sports a dividend yield around 7%. Microsoft pays under 1%. Both are S&P 500 stalwarts, but the number tells you completely different things about…
Warren TeamWhat Is an Encroachment? Real Estate Property Line Guide
A homebuyer signs the closing documents on what they think is their dream property, only to find out months later that the previous owner's storage shed…
Warren TeamLeveraged Buyout Model: Build an LBO in 7 Steps
A KKR analyst opens a blank Excel sheet at 9 AM. By midnight, she has built a fully working leveraged buyout model, projecting five years of cash flows…
Warren TeamTax Lien Certificate: How High-Yield Lien Investing Works
When a property owner falls behind on their property tax bill, the local government doesn't immediately seize the home, it sells the unpaid bill at…
Warren TeamWhat Is Yield to Date?
More than 60% of individual investors check their portfolio performance at least once a week, yet Dalbar's annual Quantitative Analysis of Investor…
Warren TeamReturn on Equity (ROE): Formula, Calculation, and What It Reveals About a Business
Return on equity is one of the most powerful indicators of business quality, it measures how efficiently a company generates profits from its…
Warren TeamWhat Is the Difference Between Micro vs Macroeconomics?
When the Federal Reserve raised interest rates by 525 basis points between 2022 and 2023, millions of Americans suddenly paid $300 more per month on…
Warren TeamYOY Meaning: What Year-Over-Year Means and How to Calculate It
YOY stands for Year-Over-Year, a method of comparing a metric from one period to the same period in the prior year. If a company's revenue in Q3 2025 was…
Warren TeamWhat Is the ROE Formula?
Warren Buffett has used return on equity as one of his primary stock-screening filters for over 50 years, and the companies he picked returned more than…
Warren TeamMarginal Cost: Definition, Formula, and Why It Drives Pricing Decisions
Every business eventually faces the question: should we produce one more unit? The answer hinges entirely on marginal cost, the incremental cost of…
Warren TeamMacroeconomics vs. Microeconomics: What's the Difference?
Macroeconomics and microeconomics are the two main branches of economics, and they differ in scope and focus. Macroeconomics studies the economy as a…
Warren TeamCompound Growth Rate Formula in Excel: 3 Methods (CAGR Guide)
Learn the compound growth rate formula in Excel three ways, RRI, POWER, and the caret operator, plus XIRR for irregular cash flows and Google Sheets…
Warren TeamDuPont Formula: Breaking Down ROE into Its Three Components
The DuPont formula is a method of decomposing Return on Equity (ROE) into its component drivers to understand why a company's ROE is high or low, and…
Warren TeamYield Spread Premium: What It Is and How It Affects Mortgage Costs
A yield spread premium (YSP) is a form of compensation paid by mortgage lenders to brokers in exchange for originating loans at above-market interest rates.
Warren TeamWhat Is the ROA Formula?
Walmart earns roughly $15 billion in net income per year, while Alphabet earns over $73 billion, yet Walmart's return on assets runs at about 6% while…
Warren TeamWhat Is Return on Assets?
Apple earned $96.9 billion in net income in fiscal 2023, yet a smaller competitor can outperform it on the metric that actually tells you how efficiently…
Warren TeamWhat Is Return on Equity?
Warren Buffett has publicly stated he looks for businesses that consistently earn a return on equity above 15%, and that single filter has anchored one of…
Warren TeamWhat Is Earnings Per Share (EPS)?
Apple's stock crossed $180 in 2023, but the figure Wall Street actually obsessed over was $6.13, Apple's earnings per share for that fiscal year. That…
Warren Team
Get your first personalized plan in minutes
Free to start, no credit card required. Warren reads your accounts, it never moves money.