Need-Based Aid
EducationGlossary term
Definition
Financial assistance awarded to students based on their demonstrated financial need as determined by the FAFSA and sometimes additional forms like the CSS Profile. Need-based aid can include grants, scholarships, work-study, and loans, with the goal of making college affordable for students regardless of family income. The amount of need-based aid you receive is typically the difference between the cost of attendance and your Expected Family Contribution.
Related terms
- Merit AidFinancial assistance awarded by colleges based on a student's academic achievements, talents, or other accomplishments rather than financial need. Merit aid can take the form of scholarships, tuition discounts, or honors program benefits and can significantly reduce the cost of attendance. Some schools offer merit aid automatically based on your application, while others require separate scholarship applications.
- FAFSAThe Free Application for Federal Student Aid is a form that students must complete each year to determine their eligibility for federal financial aid, including grants, loans, and work-study programs. The FAFSA collects information about your family's income, assets, and household size to calculate your Expected Family Contribution. Most colleges and states also use the FAFSA to award their own financial aid, making it a critical step in the college funding process.
- Pell GrantA federal grant awarded to undergraduate students who demonstrate exceptional financial need, as determined by the FAFSA. Unlike loans, Pell Grants do not need to be repaid, making them one of the most valuable forms of financial aid. The maximum award amount is adjusted annually and for the 2026-2027 academic year is $7,395.
- Expected Family Contribution (EFC)A number calculated from the information you provide on the FAFSA that represents how much your family is expected to contribute toward your education costs for the year. Colleges subtract your EFC from their cost of attendance to determine your financial need and aid package. Since the 2024-2025 FAFSA, the EFC has been replaced by the Student Aid Index (SAI), which works similarly but with updated calculations.
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